Growth Rate = (1 - Payout Ratio) * Return on Equity. If we are not provided with the Payout Ratio and Return on Equity Ratio, we need to calculate them. Here's how to calculate them -. Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends / Net Income. We can use another ratio to find out dividend pay-out. Here it is -.Here are 7 ways to evaluate brand equity, including some examples of metrics you can use to collect operational and experience data: 1. Brand evaluation. One way of measuring brand equity is by trying to understand the total value of the brand as a separate monetary asset, which can be included on a business’s balance sheet. This …Once you have the cost of equity, it is a straightforward process to calculate the WACC and hence discount the project. To illustrate the use of CAPM in determining a discount rate, we will work through the following example, Example 2 ... Check that this makes sense. Foodoo has a gearing ratio of 7:5, equity to debt, a current beta of 0.9, and ...How to calculate cost per acquisition. CPA is calculated by dividing the cost of a campaign by the number of new customers acquired within the same time period. The mathematical formula for calculating CPA is: CPA = total cost of campaign / number of conversions. Let's apply the cost-per-acquisition formula to a real-world example.Interest Tax Shield. Notice in the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula above that the cost of debt is adjusted lower to reflect the company’s tax rate. For example, a company with a 10% cost of debt and a 25% tax rate has a cost of debt of 10% x (1-0.25) = 7.5% after the tax adjustment.In assessing the cost of equity for publicly traded firms, we looked at the risk of investments through the eyes of the marginal investors in these firms. With the added assumption that these investors were well diversified, we were able to define risk in terms of risk added on to a diversified portfolio or market risk. The beta (in the CAPM ...Costs of debt and equity. The cost of a business’s debt is simply the amount of interest the company has to pay on a loan or bond. For example, if a company gets a $3,000 loan from the bank with a 5% interest rate, the cost of debt for that loan is 5%. The cost of a company’s equity is much harder to calculate.Unlike measuring the costs of capital, the WACC takes the weighted average for each source of capital for which a company is liable. You can calculate WACC by applying the formula: WACC = [ (E/V) x Re] + [ (D/V) x Rd x (1 - Tc)], where: E = equity market value. Re = equity cost. D = debt market value. V = the sum of the equity and …In this method, we determine the cost of equity by summing up the beta and risk premium product with the risk-free rate. read more. Please do have a look at it if you need more information. ... Step 3 – Find the Cost of Equity. As we saw earlier, we use the CAPM model to find the cost of equity Find The Cost Of Equity Cost of Equity ...Cost of Equity Calculation Example (ke) The next step is to calculate the cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The three assumptions for our three inputs are as follows: Risk-Free Rate (rf) = 2.0%; Beta (β) = 1.10; Equity Risk Premium (ERP) = 8.0%; If we enter those figures into the CAPM formula, the cost of equity ...If this is the case, the levered beta for the private firm can be written as: β= β (1 + (1 - tax rate) (Industry Average Debt/Equity)) I propose that either of these methods will yield a ...The term CAPM stands for “Capital Asset Pricing Model” and is used to measure the cost of equity (ke), or expected rate of return, on a particular security or portfolio. The CAPM formula is: Cost of Equity (Ke) = rf + β (Rm – Rf) CAPM establishes the relationship between the risk-return profile of a security (or portfolio) based on three ...Cost of Equity vs Cost of Capital. The cost of capital includes both equity and debt costs in the evaluation. The cost of capital includes weighing the cost of equity, as well as the cost of debt when looking at a capital purchase (such as acquiring another company).. The cost of debt is typically the interest rate paid on any loans or bonds for the transaction.When using the DDM model, focus on dividing the yearly dividends by the share's current price and adding the dividend growth rate. The formula for calculating …The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used to calculate expected returns given the cost of capital and risk of assets. The CAPM formula requires the rate of return for the general market, the ...Calculating COE With Excel . To calculate COE, first determine the market rate of return, the risk-free rate of return and the beta of the stock in question. The market rate of return is simply ...Estimating the Cost of Debt: YTM. There are two common ways of estimating the cost of debt. The first approach is to look at the current yield to maturity or YTM of a company’s debt. If a company is public, it can have observable debt in the market. An example would be a straight bond that makes regular interest payments and pays back the ...The equity risk premium (ERP) is an essential component of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which calculates the cost of equity – i.e. the cost of capital and the required rate of return for equity shareholders. The core concept behind CAPM is to balance the relationship between: Capital-at-Risk (i.e. Potential Losses) Expected ReturnsCLO Equity Valuation Example: Price Sensitivities. We use a stylized example based on a recently issued CLO to demonstrate the equity tranche valuation process. We use a set of assumptions that reflect current market trends as well as individual deal characteristics in order to determine the fair value of the subject interests.r – the company’s cost of equity; g – the dividend growth rate; How to Calculate the Dividend Growth Rate. The simplest way to calculate the DGR is to find the growth rates for the distributed dividends. Let’s say that ABC Corp. paid its shareholders dividends of $1.20 in year one and $1.70 in year two. Whereas: § WACC: Blended cost or raising capital considering mixture of debt & equity § rD = the before-tax cost of debt § TC = the corporate tax rate § rs = the cost of common stock § rP = the cost of preferred stock § WD , Ws , WP are the respective weights of debts, common stock, and preferred stockCost of Equity Calculation Example (ke) The next step is to calculate the cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The three assumptions for our three inputs are as follows: Risk-Free Rate (rf) = 2.0%; Beta (β) = 1.10; Equity Risk Premium (ERP) = 8.0%; If we enter those figures into the CAPM formula, the cost of equity ... The total cost of a home equity loan or HELOC includes these fees you’ll need to factor in. While the average closing costs for a home equity loan or line of credit can range between 2–5 ...B. Cost of equity capital. We noted above that: Cost of Equity Capital = Risk-Free Rate + (Beta times Market Risk Premium). To calculate any company's cost of equity capital, we need to find a reliable source for each of these inputs: 1. Risk-free Rate. We suggest using the rate of return on long-term (ten-year) US governmentStep 1: Firstly, determine the value of the company’s total equity, which can be either in the form of owner’s or stockholder’s equity. Step 2: Next, determine the number of outstanding preferred stocks and the value of each preferred stock. The product of both will give the value of the preferred stock. Step 3: Next, determine the value of additional …Oct 1, 2002 · We estimate that the real, inflation-adjusted cost of equity has been remarkably stable at about 7 percent in the US and 6 percent in the UK since the 1960s. Given current, real long-term bond yields of 3 percent in the US and 2.5 percent in the UK, the implied equity risk premium is around 3.5 percent to 4 percent for both markets. To calculate your equity, you would subtract your liabilities from your assets: $500,000 - $200,000 = $300,000. Therefore, your equity in this scenario would be $300,000. It's important to note that equity can fluctuate over time due to changes in asset values, liabilities, and other factors. For businesses, equity can increase through ...It is vital in calculating the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), as CAPM computes the cost of equity. WACC is used extensively in financial modeling . It can be used to find the net present value (NPV) of the future cash flows of an investment and to further calculate its enterprise value and finally its equity value. katie sigmonds leaked
If you need an affordable loan to cover unexpected expenses or pay off high-interest debt, you should consider a home equity loan. A home equity loan is a financial product that lets you borrow against your home’s value. Keep reading to lea...The total annual interest for those two loans will be $12,000 (6% x $200,000) plus $4,000 (4% x $100,000), or $16,000 total. The total amount of debt is $300,000. So the cost of debt is: $16,000 / $300,000 = 5.3%. The effective pre-tax interest rate your business is paying to service all its debts is 5.3%.r e = the cost of equity. r d = bond yield. Risk premium = compensation which shareholders require for the additional risk of equity compared with debt. Example: Using the bond yield plus risk premium approach to derive the cost of equity. If a company’s before-tax cost of debt is 4.5% and the extra compensation required by shareholders for ...May 28, 2022 · Weighted Average Cost of Equity - WACE: A way to calculate the cost of a company's equity that gives different weight to different aspects of the equities. Instead of lumping retained earnings ... How to calculate LTV. If your home appraises for $200,000, and your mortgage balance is $150,000, your LTV is 75%. ... What are the costs and fees of a Lower HELOC? A major factor in the overall cost of a HELOC is the APR. Lower's starts at 8.75%. Rates also affect your monthly payments. ... Insufficient home equity: ...Apr 30, 2023 · Determine the cost of equity. The cost of equity is found by dividing the company's dividends per share by the current market value of stock. Then, if applicable, add the growth rate of dividends. The Cost of Equity is generally higher than the Cost of Debt since equity investors take on more risk when purchasing a company’s stock as opposed to a company’s bond. Therefore, an equity investor will demand higher returns (an Equity Risk Premium ) than the equivalent bond investor to compensate him/her for the additional risk that he/she is …Cost of preferred equity = 1.50/24 = 0.0625 or 6.25% Step 4: Find the Weight of Debt, Equity, and Preferred Equity After you've calculated a company's cost of debt and cost of equity, as well as cost of preferred equity if applicable, you then need to find the company's market cap (also known as equity value). Next, you need to find its total debt.The price/earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio is a stock’s price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio divided by the growth rate of its earnings for a specified time period. The PEG ratio is used to determine a ...lockpickinglawyer best padlock
The cost of equity can be calculated by using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model)or Dividend Capitalization Model (for companies that pay out dividends). See moreThe cost of equity is the rate of return required by a company’s common stockholders. We estimate this cost using the CAPM (or its variants). The CAPM is the approach most commonly used to calculate the cost of equity. The three components needed to calculate the cost of equity are the risk-free rate, the equity risk premium, and beta:Mar 21, 2023 · There are different methods to calculate WACC and cost of equity, but one of the most common ones is the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). CAPM assumes that the cost of equity is equal to the ... The NerdWallet HELOC calculator lets you see whether you could qualify for a HELOC based on your loan-to-value ratio, the percentage of your home’s value that you owe to your mortgage lender. If ...Growth Rate = (1 - Payout Ratio) * Return on Equity. If we are not provided with the Payout Ratio and Return on Equity Ratio, we need to calculate them. Here's how to calculate them -. Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends / Net Income. We can use another ratio to find out dividend pay-out. Here it is -.With these numbers, you can use the CAPM to calculate the cost of equity. The formula is: 1 + 1.2 * (9-1) = 10.6%. For our fictional company, the cost of equity financing is 10.6%. This rate is comparable to an interest rate you would pay on a loan. Comparing the Cost of Equity to the Cost of Debt. Equity often costs a business more than debt ...As the risk of equity and debt is different (i.e., lower risk to debt holder given more protection), FCFF and FCFE also require different discount rates in the DCF. FCFF is often discounted by weighted average cost of capital (WACC), while FCFE is discounted by cost of equity. Both FCFF and FCFE are used when doing a DCF.In the next step is to calculate the dividend discount model cost of equity: cost of equity = 0.03 + 1 * 0.07 = 0.1 = 10%. Finally, this allows us to calculate the present value according to the dividend discount model: present stock value = $6.2256 / (0.1 - 0.0376) ≈ $99.77, Maybe you feel a little bit overwhelmed by all those calculations ...Cost Of Equity: The cost of equity is the return a company requires to decide if an investment meets capital return requirements; it is often used as a capital budgeting threshold for required ...Examples of Beta. High β – A company with a β that’s greater than 1 is more volatile than the market. For example, a high-risk technology company with a β of 1.75 would have returned 175% of what the market returned in a given period (typically measured weekly). Low β – A company with a β that’s lower than 1 is less volatile than ...Cost of Equity (Re) A company’s cost of equity is the minimum rate of return demanded by shareholders. This rate can be based on historical standards or shareholder agreements. However, many analysts use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to determine the cost of equity, as it considers the company’s risk tolerance and the overall ...The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used to calculate expected returns given the cost of capital and risk of assets. The CAPM formula requires the rate of return for the general market, the ...what word can you spell with these letters
With this, we have all the necessary information to calculate the cost of equity. Cost of Equity = Ke = Rf + (Rm – Rf) x Beta. Ke = 2.47% + 6.25% x 0.805. Cost of Equity = 7.50%. Step 4 – Find the Cost of Debt. Let us revisit the table we used for the fair value of debt. We are additionally provided with its stated interest rate. Diversity, equity, inclusion: three words that are gaining more attention as time passes. Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are increasingly common in workplaces, particularly as the benefits of instituting them become clear...Market Risk Premium: The market risk premium is the difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate. Market risk premium is equal to the slope of the security ...Cost of Debt . Compared to the cost of equity, cost of debt is fairly straightforward to calculate. The cost of debt (R d) should be the current market rate the company is paying on its debt. If ...The Dividend Capitalization Model (DCM): The Dividend Capitalization Model calculates the cost of the equity by the dividend per share (DPS) divided by the Current Market Value (CMV) of the stock. We add the Growth Rate of the Dividend to the answer. The cost of common equity formula for the CPM is:٠٢‏/٠٦‏/٢٠٢٢ ... Cost of equity is estimated using the Sharpe's Model of Capital Asset Pricing Model by establishing a relationship between risk and return.Diversity, equity, inclusion: three words that are gaining more attention as time passes. Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are increasingly common in workplaces, particularly as the benefits of instituting them become clear...Multiply the cost of equity by the proportion of equity to the firm's total capital, which is the sum of both equity and debt. Similarly, multiply the cost of debt by the proportion of debt to total capital. Add these results to obtain the discount rate, or weighted average cost of capital. Calculate the company's final value beyond the ...Determining the cost of equity for a small business can be tough - these methods and thinking framework will help.Below is a screenshot of Amazon’s 2016 annual report and statement of cash flows, which can be used to calculate free cash flow to equity for years 2014 – 2016. As you can see in the image above, the calculation for each year is as follows: 2014: 6,842 – 4,893 + 6,359 – 513 = 7,795. 2015: 11,920 – 4,589 + 353 – 1,652 = 6,032.Apr 13, 2022 · How to calculate the cost of equity. The company must estimate the rate of return stock investors (shareholders) require. If the company fails to fulfill it, shareholders will sell their shares, leading to a fall in its share price and company value. The calculation of equity costs is a bit complicated and pretty much contains subjectivity. Determining the cost of equity for a small business can be tough - these methods and thinking framework will help.Shareholders' equity is equal to a firm's total assets minus its total liabilities and is one of the most common financial metrics employed by analysts to determine the financial health of a ...Calculate its total expenses: Net income = [$1,200,000 (ending equity) + $50,000 (dividends paid)] - [$750,000 (beginning equity) + $150,000 (shares issued)] = $350,000. Total expenses = $800,000 - $350,000 = $450,000. The formula above is helpful for reverse engineering a company's total expenses. However, a detailed breakdown of expenses ...Calculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital. Once you have calculated the cost of capital for all the sources of debt and equity and gathered the other information needed, you can calculate the WACC: WACC = [ (E ÷ V) x Re] + [ (D ÷ V) x Rd] x (1 - T) Let's look at an example.fred mcgriff son
Whether you’re looking to purchase your first home or you’ve been paying down your mortgage for years, finding ways to build home equity quickly is a smart move. It ensures your home loan balance remains below the fair market value of your ...Debt/Equity Ratio: Debt/Equity (D/E) Ratio, calculated by dividing a company’s total liabilities by its stockholders' equity, is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage. The ...rates. 1. There are varying approaches to determining a discount rate The discount rate is an investor’s desired rate of return, generally considered to be the investor’s opportunity cost of capital. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) represents the average cost of financing a company debt and equity, weighted to its respective use.Cost of equity = Riskfree Rate + Beta (Mature Market Premium) + Country Risk Premium. Thus, for Brazil, where we have estimated a country risk premium of 7.67% from the melded approach, each company in the …Cost of capital is a composite cost of the individual sources of funds including equity shares, preference shares, debt and retained earnings. The overall cost of capital depends on the cost of each source and the proportion of each source used by the firm. It is also referred to as weighted average cost of capital. It can be examined from the viewpoint of …Dec 24, 2022 · Cost of Equity Using Dividend Capitalization Model. The current share price for Company A is $7, and they have announced dividends of $0.60 per share. Using historical data, analysts estimate a 2% dividend growth rate. You can use the formula from the previous section to calculate the cost of equity. cost of equity = (0.60 / 7) + 2% = 8.5% + 2% ... The required rate of return (RRR) is the minimum amount an investor or company seeks, or will receive, when they embark on an investment or project. The RRR can be used to determine an investment ...The total annual interest for those two loans will be $12,000 (6% x $200,000) plus $4,000 (4% x $100,000), or $16,000 total. The total amount of debt is $300,000. So the cost of debt is: $16,000 / $300,000 = 5.3%. The effective pre-tax interest rate your business is paying to service all its debts is 5.3%.How the Price-To-Sales Ratio Works. The price-to-sales ratio (Price/Sales or P/S) is calculated by taking a company's market capitalization (the number of outstanding shares multiplied by the ...Cost of equity (in percentage) = Risk-free rate of return + [Beta of the investment ∗ (Market's rate of return − Risk-free rate of return)] Related: Cost of Equity: Frequently Asked Questions. 3. Select the model you want to use. You can use both the CAPM and the dividend discount methods to determine the cost of equity.The WACC formula produces the sum of the cost of capital of each funding source, amounting to the total cost of capital for a company. That means accounting for the individual cost of a company’s common and/or preferred stock, loans, bonds, and more, then weighting each cost accordingly. This way, companies determine how optimal their capital ...Growth Rate = (1 - Payout Ratio) * Return on Equity. If we are not provided with the Payout Ratio and Return on Equity Ratio, we need to calculate them. Here's how to calculate them -. Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends / Net Income. We can use another ratio to find out dividend pay-out. Here it is -.The cost of equity is the rate of return required by a company’s common stockholders. We estimate this cost using the CAPM (or its variants). The CAPM is the approach most commonly used to calculate the cost of equity. The three components needed to calculate the cost of equity are the risk-free rate, the equity risk premium, and beta:kansas vs nebraskaWith this, we have all the necessary information to calculate the cost of equity. Cost of Equity = Ke = Rf + (Rm – Rf) x Beta. Ke = 2.47% + 6.25% x 0.805. Cost of Equity = 7.50%. Step 4 – Find the Cost of Debt. Let us revisit the table we used for the fair value of debt. We are additionally provided with its stated interest rate. Jun 30, 2021 · Reviewed by. David Kindness. The ratio between debt and equity in the cost of capital calculation should be the same as the ratio between a company's total debt financing and its total equity ... Supporting mutual aid efforts and organizations that center Black Americans, joining Black Lives Matter protests, and using the platform or privilege you have to amplify Black folks’ voices are all essential parts of anti-racist action.Oct 13, 2022 · Estimate the cost of equity by dividing the annual dividends per share by the current stock price, then add the dividend growth rate. In comparison, the capital asset pricing model considers the beta of investment, the expected market rate of return, and the Rf rate of return. To figure out the CAPM, you need to find your beta. WACC is the blended cost a company pays for its debt and equity. WACC is used to evaluate the performance of a company. If a company's returns are less than its WACC, the company is not profitable.Jun 22, 2022 · The cost of capital refers to the required return needed on a project or investment to make it worthwhile. The discount rate is the interest rate used to calculate the present value of future cash ... The cost of equity is the return a company requires to decide if an investment meets capital return requirements. It is used in business valuation to see.r – the company’s cost of equity; g – the dividend growth rate; How to Calculate the Dividend Growth Rate. The simplest way to calculate the DGR is to find the growth rates for the distributed dividends. Let’s say that ABC Corp. paid its shareholders dividends of $1.20 in year one and $1.70 in year two. The equity risk premium (ERP) is an essential component of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which calculates the cost of equity – i.e. the cost of capital and the required rate of return for equity shareholders. The core concept behind CAPM is to balance the relationship between: Capital-at-Risk (i.e. Potential Losses) Expected ReturnsThe formula to calculate the cost of equity of a company using the dividend growth model is straightforward. The cost of equity dividend growth model formula is as below. P = D1 / …Gordon Growth Model (GGM) = Next Period Dividends Per Share (DPS) / (Required Rate of Return – Dividend Growth Rate) Since the GGM pertains to equity holders, the appropriate required rate of return (i.e. the discount rate) is the cost of equity. If the expected DPS is not explicitly stated, the numerator can be calculated by multiplying the ... Multiply the cost of equity by the proportion of equity to the firm's total capital, which is the sum of both equity and debt. Similarly, multiply the cost of debt by the proportion of debt to total capital. Add these results to obtain the discount rate, or weighted average cost of capital. Calculate the company's final value beyond the ...Every day, we’re confronted with claims that others present as fact. Some are easily debunked, some are clearly true, and some are particularly difficult to get to the bottom of. So how do you determine if a controversial statement is scien...Consider XYZ Co. Currently has a current market share of $10 and just announced a dividend of $0.85 per share, and it is paid the next year. The growth rate of the dividend is 4%. What is the cost of equity calculation? The cost of equity capital formula used by the cost of equity calculator: Re = (D1 / P0) + g. Re = (0.85 /10) + 4%. Re =12.5% spencer christian
Finding the firm's cost of equity requires knowing the risk-free rate of interest in the market, the firm's value of Beta, and a measure of the current market risk premium. The risk-free rate is typically considered to be the interest rate on short-term Treasuries. A firm's Beta is a measure of its overall risk compared to the general stock market.Below is a screenshot of Amazon’s 2016 annual report and statement of cash flows, which can be used to calculate free cash flow to equity for years 2014 – 2016. As you can see in the image above, the calculation for each year is as follows: 2014: 6,842 – 4,893 + 6,359 – 513 = 7,795. 2015: 11,920 – 4,589 + 353 – 1,652 = 6,032.DCF Formula =CFt / ( 1 +r)t. Where, CFt = cash flow. Cash Flow Cash Flow is the amount of cash or cash equivalent generated & consumed by a Company over a given period. It proves to be a prerequisite for analyzing the business’s strength, profitability, & scope for betterment. read more. in period t.The NerdWallet HELOC calculator lets you see whether you could qualify for a HELOC based on your loan-to-value ratio, the percentage of your home’s value that you owe to your mortgage lender. If ...Other external factors that can affect WACC include corporate tax rates, economic conditions, and market conditions. Taxes have the most obvious consequence because interest paid on debt is tax ...Reverse Mortgages are convenient loans that give you cash using your home’s equity. Some people find these loans help them, but they can lack the flexibility others offer. In order to decide whether a reverse mortgage is ideal for your circ...Market Risk Premium: The market risk premium is the difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate. Market risk premium is equal to the slope of the security ...Coin collecting is a fun and rewarding hobby, but it can be difficult to determine the value of your coins. Knowing the value of your coins is important for both insurance and investment purposes. Here are some tips for determining the valu...Based on this information, the company's cost of equity is calculated as follows: ($2.00 Dividend ÷ $20 Current market value) + 2% Dividend growth rate. = 12% Cost of equity. When a business does not pay out dividends, this information is estimated based on the cash flows of the organization and a comparison to other firms of the same size and ...this tv antenna schedule
In exchange for this risk, investors expect a higher rate of return and, therefore, the implied cost of equity is greater than that of debt. Cost of capital. A firm’s total cost of capital is a weighted average of the cost of equity and the cost of debt, known as the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The formula is equal to: WACC = (E ...Before the transaction, a company’s cost of equity can be calculated using the following formula: Where: r e – Cost of equity; D 1 – Dividends per share one year after; P 0 – Current share price; g – Growth rate of dividends; However, the issuance of new shares causes a company to incur flotation expenses.The Beta of unlevered equity, ß U, is calculated thus: ß U = ß Equity / [1 + ( 1 - T pure-play ) (D pure-play / E pure-play )], where D represents the market value of debt, E represents the market value of equity and T is the tax rate as a decimal. As the debt-to-equity ratio increases, so too does the equity risk, which causes the cost of ...To calculate the Cost of Equity of ABC Co., the dividend of last year must be extrapolated for the next year using the growth rate, as, under this method, calculations are based on future dividends. The dividend expected for next year will be $55 ($50 x (1 + 10%)). The Cost of Equity for ABC Co. can be calculated to 22.22% ( ($55 / $450) + 10%).The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) utilizes the risk-free rate, the risk premium of the wider market, and the beta value of the company's stock to determine the expected rate of return or cost ...